Warp knitting with pile contributing to lay-in weft bind



1961 R. s. M CAFFRAY, JR 2,968,171

WARP KNITTING WITH PILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEFT BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR WARP KNITTING WITH FILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEF'T BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 Jan. 17, 1961 R. s. M CAFFRAY, JR

9 Sheets-Sheet 2 way,

INVENTOR 1946. Mafia/fray, 7).

Jan. 17, 1961 R. s. MaccAFFRAY, JR 2,968,171

WARP KNITTING WITH PILE CONTRIBUTING To LAY-IN WEFT BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEYS Jan. 17, 1961 R. s. M cAFFRAY, JR 2,968,171

WARP KNITTING WITH FILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEFT BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 1961 R. s. M cAFFRAY, JR ,968,171

WARP KNITTING WITH FILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEFT BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jan. 17, 1961 R. s. M cAFFRAY, JR 2,968,171

WARP KNITTING WITH PILE CONTRIBUTING To LAY-IN WEFT BIND 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Sept. 25, 1958 INVENTOR flex J- MacCaf/fay, J21

Jan. 17, 1961 MacCAFFRAY, JR 2,968,171

WARP KNITTING WITH PILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEFT BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 7 ..b e m cw m S m I 7 2 3 W j 8% PM:

Jan. 17, 1961 R. s. M cAFFRAY, JR 2,968,171

WARP KNITTING WITH PILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEFT BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 WARP KNITTING WITH PILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEFT BIND Filed Sept. 25, 1958 Jan. 17, 1961 R. s. M cAFFRAY, JR

9 Sheets-Sheet 9 ?Z -4,g. /&

INVENTOR flax 5. Mada/fray, If

BY vi). Q

ATTORNEYS UnitedS tates Patent WARP KNITTING WITH PILE CONTRIBUTING TO LAY-IN WEFT BIND Rex S. MacCaffray, Jr., Boiling Springs, Pa., assignor to C. H. Masland and Sons, Carlisle, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Sept. 25, 1958, Ser. No. 763,283

21 Claims. (Cl. 66-191) The present invention relates to warp knitted pile fabrics, and methods of warp knitting.

This application has been divided, the subject matter relating to the method being embodied in my divisional application Serial No. 837,728, filed September 2, 1959, for Warp Knitting with Pile Contributing to Lay-in Weft bind.

A purpose of the invention is to increase the speed of producing warp knitted pile fabrics by forming multiple loops per wale per course, thus permitting production of dense pile with open stitch construction and forming warp knitted pile fabrics of lower cost.

A further purpose is to form loops of different orientation from different warp knitting pile frames which break up lining effects.

A further purpose is to produce warp knitted pile fabrics having many of the characteristics of multiframe Wilton carpet.

A further purpose is to obtain a cushion effect from pile yarn when used as a bonding weft in a pile fabric such as carpet or the like.

A further purpose is to produce a warp knitted pile carpet or other suitable pile fabric which has the advantages of novel construction, and economical utilization of pile yarn.

A further purpose is to permit the utilization of less expensive pile yarn along with more expensive pile yarn in the construction of a warp knitted pile fabric.

A further purpose is to utilize two frames of face yarn in warp knitted pile fabric, one of the face yarn frames forming pile projections which are bound entirely by laid-in binding weft, and the other frame of face yarn at some points in the fabric forming the laid-in binding weft, and at other points in the fabric forming pile projections which are suitably adjoining the pile projections from the first frame but differently oriented.

A further purpose is to utilize one frame of face yarn to form a laid-in binding weft in one trick and to form a pile projection in the next trick of the same course.

A further purpose is to introduce multiple ends of laidin binding weft which bind the pile of one pile frame in a trick, and to form the laid-in binding weft from ends of another pile frame.

A further purpose is to introduce one of the laid-in binding weft ends before the loop is formed and another after the loop is formed on the same course.

A further purpose is to shog one frame of pile yarn ends back and forth across the ends of another frame, forming a laid-in binding weft on one course by 'shogging and forming a pile projection on the next course A further purpose is to form a laid-in bindin and a pile projection on alternate courses of Warp knitting from one pile frame, and to shog over two needles or over three or more needles as preferred.

A further purpose is to form laid-in binding wefts from pile yarn ends of one frame in one course, and in the next course to form pile projections which at one end are anchored in one course and at the other end are anchored in the next course.

A further purpose is to alternately shog one frame of pile yarn ends back and forth in successive courses, forming laid-in binding wefts for another pile yarn frame by the stretches extending between different knitting chains, and forming pile projections at the reversals in the path of the laid-in binding weft.

Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims.

In the drawings I have chosen to illustrate several different embodiments of the invention, selecting the forms shown from the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactory operation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.

Figures 1 to 8 are step-Wise vertical transverse-sectional diagrams of a Raschel warp knitting machine going through the procedure to produce the fabric of Figure 9.

Figures 1a to 8a are diagrammatic fragmentary enlarged top plan views showing the steps of formation of the fabric corresponding to Figures 1 to 8.

Figure 9 is a top plan view of the completed fabric of Figures 1 to 8 and 1a to 8a, illustrating the two frames of pile yarn and the knitting chain, but omitting the backing yarn for the sake of convenience in illustration.

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic fragmentary top plan view of the modification in the fabric of Figure 9 using split laid-in binding wefts as later described. The backing yarn is omitted in Figure 10.

Figure 11 is a face view, omitting the backing yarn, illustrating a modified warp knitted pile fabric in which the pile frame which forms the laid-in binding weft alternately forms laid-in binding weft and pile on successive courses.

Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11, but the pile warp frame which forms the laid-in binding weft shogs across three needles instead of two needles as in Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary diagrammatic top plan view of a modified two frame fabric, omitting the backing yarn, the frame which forms the laid-in binding weft producing pile diagonally.

Figure 14 is a diagrammatic fragmentary top plan view of a modified warp knitted fabric of the invention, in which the pile yarn frame which forms the laid-in binding weft shogs over four needles and forms one pile projection on each shog.

Figure 15 is a diagrammatic top plan view of a modified fabric according to the invention, omitting the backing yarn, and illustrating the pile yarn frame which forms the laid-in binding weft producing pile projections at each reversal in shogging.

Figure 16 is a photographic view of the face of a pile fabric according to the invention.

Describing in illustration but not in limitation and referring to the drawings:

In the prior art, in the manufacture of warp knitted pile fabrics, it has been the practice to bind the pile projections in the stitches of the knitted chain, so that the pile is directly anchored in such stitches.

My US. patent application, Serial No. 682,926, filed September 9, 1957 for Knitted Fabric Having Lay-in Wefts, illustrates a bind for the pile projections which is accomplished by a laid-in weft, so that the pile yarn ends can be positioned intermediate between the knitting chains, instead of crossing knitting chains. This has the great advantage of better utilization of pile yarn, since less of the total amount of pile yarn is buried in the back of the fabric, the pile yarn never passing below the upper plane of the back of the fabric.

The fabric of my prior invention as above referred to necessitates the utilization in the fabric of binding weft ends which do not themselves contribute to the pile and perform substantially only the function of binding the pile.

I have discovered that I can greatly accelerate the production of warp knitted pile fabric by utilizing two frames of pile yarn, and making one of these frames perform a dual function, that of providing laid-in binding weft for the other pile frame, and that of producing pile as determined by the pattern chain. Thus in a proper case, I can approximately double the linear speed of fabric production by forming a pile projection from each end of each pile warp frame on each course, so that an adequate density of pile can be produced with fewer knitted stitches per inch.

The fabric of the present invention has the further advantage that different modifications of pile projections can be produced from the different frames, thus serving to break up lining effects which might be caused by defects in pile yarnand also preventing observation of defects in kitting.

It will be evident that by the present invention multiframe pile faces can be obtained for carpets and rugs, which are comparable to the results produced in Wilton weaving. The similarity to the effects obtained in Wilton are particularly pronounced where high and low pile projections are used selectively in accordance with my US. patent application Serial No. 689,113, filed October 9, 1957, for Knitted Pile Fabric Having High and Low Pile in the Same Course, having the effect of partially or completely masking out pile projections of one or the other color or character in selected pattern areas.

The fabric of the invention has the advantage that even when the one pile yarn frame is forming the laidin binding weft, it is held adjacent the face, thus assuring protection against grining through to show the back, and also imparting body and strength to the back of the fabric.

The frame which provides the lay-in always remains at or above the face of the fabric, so that even though it shogs to form lay-in, the utilization of face yarn is good.

In some cases it may be desirable to use face yarn of different characters (colors) for the two pile yarn frames. The pile yarn frame which forms the lay-in binding weft must of course be of adequate strength to anchor the other pile, and this high strength is useful in contributing to the strength of the face of the fabric when it itself forms pile, and thus in some cases the other pile yarn frame can utilize yarn which is of lower strength or shorter fiber, being protected and strengthened in the pile by the yarn forming the lay-in.

The present invention lends itself to the production of warp knitted pile fabrics in a number of different forms. In one of the simplest forms of the invention the pile yarn frame which forms the laid-in binding weft on each course shogs across at least one trick to form a laid-in binding weft and shogs across at least one trick to form one or more pile projections.

In some cases it is preferable to use multiple laid-in binding wefts as shown and described in my copending application Serial No. 745,178, filed June 27, 1958, for Warp Knitted Pile Fabric With Multiple Laid-in Weft Bind and Method, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In one embodiment, I preferably split the laid-in binding weft by introducing one end of binding weft on a particular course before the pile projection is formed and another laid-in binding weft end after ward.

In some cases, it is desirable to have the pile yarn end, which forms the laid-in binding weft, form a laid-in binding weft and form pile on alternate courses.

In some cases, it is desirable to produce pile from the pile frame which forms the laid-in binding weft which is anchored diagonally in the fabric, so that the pile orientation of that frame will be distinctly di e ent from 4 the pile orientation of the other frame which is bound by the laid-in binding weft.

In some instances, it is preferable to form on each course two or more laid-in binding wefts on top of a particular end of one pile projection.

In one of the embodiments of the invention, I preferably form pile from the frame which produces the laid-in binding weft at the bends or reversals in the shogging.

Considering now the form of Figures 1 to 8, In to 8:: and 9, and referring particularly to Figures 1 to 8;

Figure 1 corresponds to the position at zero or 360 degrees in the cycle. A stationary vertically extending trick plate 50, as well known in the art in Raschel type warp knitting machines, is generally of tapered cross section with a side 51 extending generally vertically and supporting the fabric being formed and removed by a take-off mechanism, and a side 52 suitably slightly converging and adjoining the needles. The trick plate at the top has a suitably notched needle guide cam portion 53 and a blunt top 53', as shown in Figure 1.

The warp knitting machine according to the invention is suitably of the double needle bar type, one needle bar mounting supports 54 for a series of latch needles 55, as Well known, which extend generally at a slight angle to the trick plate. The latch needles, as shown in Figure 1, have hook ends 56 at the top directed away from the trick plate and latches 57 pivoted at 58 and in one position closed against the hook ends. The other needle bar in the device of the invention at the opposite side of the trick plate is equipped with plush points instead of needles.

In making uncut or loop pile fabric, noncutting plush points 60 are mounted on a mounting 61 and the noncutting plush points are in effect metallic strips having suitably blunt upper ends 62, notched at the side toward the needles at 63 and filleted slightly at the upper corner 64 remote from the needles.

A sinker comb 65 mounted on sinker supports 66 is positioned immediately above the trick plate and adapted to move across it, as well known.

Positioned above the sinkers and extending clear across the machine is a swing bar which carries, suitably positioned thereon in order from front to back, a horizontally slidable mounting which supports a knitting yarn guide bar 67 which carries a series of eyes or tubes 68 which guide knitting yarn 70, then a horizontally slidable mounting for a pile yarn frame guide bar 71 which provides the binding weft, which carries a series of eyes or tubes 72, one for each pile yarn binding weft end 73; next toward the back there is a horizontally slidable support which supports in slidable relation a guide bar 74 for the second pile yarn frame, which carries eyes or tubes 75, one for each pile yarn end 76; and, finally, at the rear, there is a horizontally slidable support which mounts in sliding relation a backing yarn guide bar 77 which carries a series of eyes or tubes 78, one for each backing yarn end 80. A latch wire 81 extends across the back of the machine, as well known.

In Figures 1 and 1a, the machine is taking the first step after the completion of the last stitch. The needles 55 and the plush points 60 are down or retracted, the sinker comb 65 is advanced or forward, and the swing bar with its guide bars 67, 71, 74 and 77 is in midposition and moving back. The condition encountered in Figure 1 is shown in Figure la where knitting yarn 70, fed by tubes 68 is locking in the stitch backing yarn and pile yarn 73 forming the binding weft. The pile yarn ends of laid-in pile yarn 73 have on the previous stitch formed pile projections 82 and laid-in binding wefts 83 which bind pile projections 84 of the pile frame 76. The laid-in bind for the loops 84 is clamped between the laid-in weft and stretch 85 of backing weft 80.

Figures 2 and 2a correspond to 30 degrees advance in the cycle. The position of the needles and the sinkers is the same as that of Figure l. The guide bars are all the 8 way back, out of line with the needles and plush points, and the plush points have just completed their advance or upward motion, preparatory to the formation of pile projections.

Between the position of Figures 1 and 1a and the position of Figures 2 and 241, as best seen in Figure 2a, the pile 'yarn 76 has been shogged in this case one needle to the left, preparatory to wrapping its yarn around the plush points. At the same time, backing yarn guide tubes 78 have been shogged two needles to the right carrying backing yarn 80, preparatory to forming lay-in backing weft stretches.

In the form under discussion, no other shogging will occur at this point, but where a multiple split lay-in binding weft is used, pile and binding weft yarn ends 73 will shog in a direction opposite to the direction of the shogging of pile yarn end 76 at this point.

Figures 3 and 3a correspond to the position at 90 degrees in the cycle. The swing bar and the guide bars with it move to the front past the plush points (except for the backing yarn guide bar) and both pile yarn guide bars shog to place the pile yarn of both frames around the plush points. Thus pile yarn ends 73 which form the lay-in bind-ing wefts produce loops 86, and pile yarn ends 76 produce loops 87.

In the step illustrated in Figures 4 and 4a, at 150 degrees in the cycle, the swing bar has moved back, carrying with it the guide bar, while the needles, plush points, and sinker comb remain in the same position as they were previously. The backward swing of the swing bar completes the formation of the loops 86 and 87 shown in Figure 4a, there being two loops formed by pile yarn ends of the different pile frames around the same plush points. As soon as the guide bars have cleared the plush points 60, the guide tubes 72 carrying the pile yarn frame which forms the laid-in binding weft 73 shog two needles to the right, forming lay-in stretches 88, and the backing yarn 80 shogs two needles to the right in the preferred embodiment, forming lay-in stretches 85 as shown in Figure 4a.

In the position of Figures 5 and 5a, at 210 degrees in the cycle, the shogging is complete except for the knitting yarn. The guide bars have all moved forward past the needle position on the plush point side, the needles 55 have advanced or raised, and the latches 57 have been opened by a previous knitting stitch as shown in Figure 5, While the previous knitting stitch has moved down on the needle below the latch, leaving the hook of the needle open as shown.

Figure 5a shows the arrangement of the needles in the position of Figure 5 as the needles come up. The backing yarn has been removed in this view in order to make the position of the other yarn ends more clear. It will be noted that the pile yarn ends 76 which are to be bound by the lay-in stretches 88 have reversed direction at 90 behind the lay-in stretches in Figure 5a.

The position of Figures 6 and 60 corresponds to 270 degrees in the cycle. This position shows all guide bars moved back of the plush points and needles, with a new stitch ready to be formed when it enters the hook of the needles in the next step. The face yarn ends of both frames have now completed the formation of the pile loops 86 and 87, around the plush points 60. The knit ting yarn guide bar 67 now shogs one needle to the right, forming loops of knitting yarn 91 which are about to enter the hooks 56 of the needles 55, and wrap around the needles at a position above the latches 57 and below the hooks 56.

Figures 7 and 7a correspond to 300 degrees in the cycle, and show the guide bars moving to the front and midway in their swing. The sinker comb 65 has been in position against the fell and across the end of the trick plate 50 among the plush points 60, and is now retracted to clear the ends of the needles 55. The needles 55, having engaged the knitting yarn 70 in their hooks 56, are beginning to retract and the latch 57 is about to be closed by the previous stitch, while the plush points 60 are also retracting. The previous stitch is now about to be cast off by the needles 55, the actual casting off taking place between the step of Figure 7 and the step of Figure 8, and once the stitch is cast off, the pile projections 87 of pile yarn ends 76 are gripped at 92 between the lay-in weft 88 and the backing weft stretch 85, while on the other hand the pile projections 86 which extend up in the pile are bound in stretches at opposite ends in the same course.

Figures 8 and 8a correspond to 330 degrees in the cycle, and show the stitch' fu ley' completed and locked. {Mo /t, t

The sinker comb 65 is fullyietracted and is now about to advance again to the position of zero or 360 degrees (Figure 1). The pile yarn loops 86 and 87 have now been cast off by the plush points and are fully completed.

The completed fabric, omitting the bundles of backing yarn, is shown in Figure 9.

In Figure 9 it will be evident that there are longitudinal chains 93 composed of successive completed stitches 94, the stitches engaging in each course the bundles of backing weft not shown, and also in each course engaging stretches 88 of laid-in binding weft which anchor the pile projections 87 which are oriented in one direction and composed of pile frame yarn 76. It will be evident that as described above the laid-in backing weft extends over three or more wales. The stitches 94 also in the same course anchor the opposite ends of pile projections 86 which are formed from the other pile frame 73.

It will thus be evident that in a particular course and wale in this fabric there are two differently oriented loops from different pile frames.

It will be evident that while the fabric of Figure 9 shows the pile projections round but uncut, it is not important from the standpoint of the present invention whether noncutting plush points are used to produce uncut pile projections or whether cutting plush points are used to produce cut pile projections.

While the fabric of Figures 1 to 9 and la to 8a illustrates shogging of pile yarn ends which form the laid-in binding weft on three needles, it will be evident that other shogs can be used as shown in Figure 10. In this form pile yarn ends 76 lie wholly between the knitting chains as in the form previously described and the pile projections 87 on these pile yarn ends are bound behind laid-in binding weft stretches 88. In addition to a laid-in binding weft stretch 88 which is introduced before wrapping the pile loop 87 around the plush point, there is on each course also a binding weft stretch 88' which is introduced after the pile loop 87 is wrapped around the plush point and after loop 86 is formed.

To accomplish this in the sequence just shown, the pile yarn frame 73 is shogged over one needle between the position of Figures 1 and la and the position of Figure 2 and 2a. Then it is wrapped around the plush points at the position of Figures 3 and 3a which involves shogging across another needle. At the position of Figures 4 and 4a the pile yarn frame 73 is shogged in the same direction as the previous shoggings over two more needles to form the lay-in binding weft stretch 88'.

Accordingly the lay-in binding wefts are split, one being on one side and the other on the other side of the pile projections 87.

In some cases, instead of creating both a laid-in binding weft and also a pile projection on the same course from the same end of the frame 73, it is preferable as shown in Figure ll to produce these on alternate courses. Thus, in this form, the pile yarn ends 73 on say the even course, form pile loops 86, by doing their shogging over one needle at the position of Figures 3 and 3a (which places the loop around the plush point) and then over the next needle at the position of Figures 4 and 4a.

In the next course the laid-in binding weft 88 is formed by shogging over two needles at the position of Figure 4a, the shogging being opposite to the shogging on the previous course. In some cases, as shown in Figure 12, the shogging is accomplished in alternate courses over three needles. Thus, in the course which forms the pile projections 86, the shogging of the pile frame 73 is accomplished in the direction opposite to the shogging on the previous course, over one needle at the position of Figures 3 and 3a to form the loops 86, and then shogging over two needles in the same direction at the position of Figures 4 and 4a to form the laid-in binding wefts 88 which bind the loops 87 of yarn 76 which were formed at the same time as loops 86. On the next course all shogging is in the opposite direction and it comprises shogging over one needle at the position of Figures 2 and 2a to form laid-in binding wefts 88', which is before the formation of the pile loops 87, and then at the position of Figures 4 and 4a shogging is accomplished over two needles in the same direction to form the split laid-in binding weft 88 which appears in the same course after the pile projection 87.

In some cases it is preferable to alternate the shogging as in Figure 11, to make one of the shogged stretches of the pile yarn frame 73 which forms the laid-in binding wefts wholly or partially diagonally, forming the pile loops either in the coursewise stretch or in the diagonal stretch as desired, and forming the laid-in binding wefts either in the diagonal stretch or the coursewise stretch as desired. In Figure 13 I illustrate a fabric of this character, in which the laid-in binding weft is formed in the coursewise stretch and the pile projection is formed in the diagonal stretch as shown.

Thus in Figure 13, starting at the position 95, pile frame 73 shogs over one needle to the right at a position after that of Figures 2 and 2a and before the needles rise and the stitch is completed. Then pile frame 73 retracts to the left to the previous trick. 1n the next course pile frame 73 shogs to the right around the plush point at the position of Figures 3 and 3a, forming loop 86, and then shogs to the right over two needles at the position of Figures 4 and 4a, forming laid-in binding weft stretch 88. After this stitch there is a reversal of the previous operation, shogging to the left instead of to the right.

Thus it will be evident that pile loop 86 is in a diagonal stretch 96 anchored at one end in the previous course and at the other end in the succeeding course. Pile projections 87 of pile frame 76 are anchored by laid-in binding wefts which appear only in every second course.

In some cases the pile frame forming the laid-in binding wefts is desirably shogged over four needles as shown in Figure 14. In this form the operation in producing the fabric is the same as that of Figures 1 to 9 and la to 8a except that at the position of Figures 4 and 4a the pile frame 73 shogs over three needles after wrapping around the plush points, forming two binding weft stretches 88. Actually there are then double binding weft stretches 88 and 88 side by side binding each of the pile projections 87 of pile frame 76.

In the form of Figure 15, the pile loops formed by pile frame 73 are produced at the points of reversal of the shogging. Assuming that laid-in binding weft stretches 88 have been formed, and the next operation is to form loops 86, at the position of Figures 3 and 3a, the pile frame 73 is shogged over the next plush point in Figures 3 and 3a in the direction in which it was shogging in the previous course, and then reversed and shogged in the position of Figures 4 and 4a over the next two needles which correspond with the needles in which it had formed a lay-in in the previous course, thus forming new lay-in stretches 88 Thus it will be evident that although the loops 86' are formed around plush points which are within stitches in chain 97, they pull out laterally and are not bound in the stitches. Accordingly we have in each course and Wale loops 87 which are bound behind the laid-in binding wefts and loops 86 which are very unusual and differently oriented because they are bound at opposite ends in successive stitches of the same chain.

In Figure 16 I show photographically the face of a fabric warp knitted as shown in Figure 9.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art to obtain all or part of the benefits of my invention without copying the fabric and method shown, and I, therefore, claim all such insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A warp knitted pile fabric, comprising walewise extending parallel chains of knitted stitches, in-laid backing weft yarns ends extending walewise, each undulating sinuously across and bound into the stitches of the knitted chains, first pile warp yarn ends extending walewise between the rows of knitted chain stitches and rising at intervals into pile projections in walewise rows, second pile warp yarn ends which at various points in the fabric extend across from knitted chain to knitted chain, in-laid in the stitches of the chains and forming binding weft stretches between lines of chains over the base legs of the pile projections of the first pile warp yarns ends and which at other points in the fabric rise as pile projections with base legs bound in the stitches of the knitted chains.

2. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which each of the second pile warp yarn ends in each course forms at least one in-lay across at least two lines of chains, and forms at least one pile yarn loop which is bound at opposite base legs in adjoining knitted lines of chains.

3. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends undulate in successive courses over three lines of chain stitches, to form in each course one run of in-laid binding weft and one pile yarn loop with each base leg bound in an adjoining knitted chain.

4. A pile fabric of claim 1, having warps of second pile warp yarn which in each course have one inlay of binding weft knitted into the lines of chains and binding one leg of a first pile yarn loop on one side of each said first pile yarn loop and one in-lay of binding weft of each such first pile loop knitted into the lines of chains and binding the other leg.

5. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which each of the second pile warp yarn ends in each course forms one in-laid binding weft stretch knitted into the stitches of the lines of chain, then a second pile yarn loop with the base legs of the loop bound at opposite ends in adjoining chains, and then another in-laid binding weft stretch also bound into the lines of chain stitches.

6. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which each of the second pile warp yarns ends in each course moves across four lines of chain stitches each forming one binding weft stretch, in-laid in the chains, one second pile yarn face loop with base legs bound at opposite ends in adjoining lines of chain stitches, and then another in-laid binding weft stretch, the first mentioned in-laid binding weft stretch being on one side of the first pile yarn face loop in the course and the second in-laid binding weft stretch being on the other side of the first pile yarn face loop in the course.

7. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends in one course form in-laid binding weft stretches and in the next course form second pile loops which are bound at the base legs in adjoining lines of knitted chain stitches.

8. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp ends move across and are knitted into two lines of chains in one course to form in-laid binding weft stretches, and in the next course form pile loops with base legs bound at opposite ends in knitting stitches of adjoining courses.

9. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends in one course move across at least three lines of chain stitches and form at least two in-laid binding weft stretches which are knitted into the lines of chains, one of which stretches binds the base leg of the first pile yarn loop formed in the course and the other of which stretches binds the other base leg of another first pile yarn loop formed in the course.

10. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends in one course form two in-lays of binding weft stretches knitted in and crossing three lines of chains, and on the next course form one pile yarn loop with the opposite ends of its base legs bound in adjoining knitted chains, and one in-laid binding weft stretch crosses over and is knitted into the next line of knitted chains.

11. A pile fabric of claim 10, in which on the course on'which the second pile warp yarn ends form two in-lays of binding weft stretches, with the binding weft stretches and the legs of the face pile loops knitted into the chains, one of said in-laid binding weft stretches is on one side and the other on the other side of the first pile yarn loop.

12. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends on two successive courses form a stretch of in-laid yarn which is knitted in and anchored at opposite ends in successive. courses of adjoining lines of chain stitches, so that the stretch is diagonal, and then form a stretch anchored in stitches of adjoining lines of chain stitches in the same course, one of said stretches being an in-laid binding weft and the other of said stretches being raised in a pile loop, the in-laid wefts and the legs of the pile loop being anchored into the chain.

13. A pile fabric of claim 12, in which the diagonal stretch forms a diagonally oriented pile loop.

14. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends move over across three lines of chains, forming pile loops which are bound at the opposite ends of their base legs in successive stitches of adjoining lines of chain stitches, and then forming in-laid binding wefts which are anchored in the same course in adjoining lines 16. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the first pile loops are bound by a plurality of adjoining in-laid binding weft stretches bound in the stitches of the knitted chains.

17. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends form intermediate in-lays of binding weft stretches which are bound into the knitting chain stitches, and at the reversals form pile loops whichare bound at the base in successive stitches of the same knitted chains.

18. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which the second pile warp yarn ends undulate back and forth over two wales, forming an in-lay of binding weft stretch in each course which is knitted into the binds of chain stitches, and forming second pile yarn loops at the reversal, which has the base legs of the loops bound at the ends in successive stitches of the same line of knitted chain stitches.

19. A pile fabric of claim 1, in which pile loops formed from the first pile warp yarn are oriented' in different directions from the orientation of pile loops formed from the second pile warp in the same course and wale.

20. A warp knitted pile fabric comprising walewise extending parallel chains of knitted stitches, in-laid backing weft yarn ends egxten ding walewise, each undulating sinuously across and f51inii ii1to the stitches of at least three of the knitted chains, first pile warp yarn ends extending walewise between the rows of knitted chain stitches and rising at intervals into pile loops in the walewise rows, second pile warp yarn ends which on each alternate course move weftwise and form 'in-lays of bind ing weft stretches knitted into the chains, which bind the first pile yarn ends and on intervening courses form face pile loops with base legs bound into the adjoining chain stitch lines.

21. A pile fabric of claim 20, in which the second pile warp yarn ends extend weftwise to form stretches between the lines of chain stitches in-laid over the first pile yarn ends and knitted into the stitches, which bind the base legs of the first pile yarn ends, the second pile yarn ends being bound into the stitches of the chain and forming face loops extending from the chain at the points of reversal.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,475,325 Springthorpe Nov. 27, 1923 2,005,951 Morton June 25, 1935 2,149,032 Schonfeld Feb. 28, 1939 2,229,469 Newman Jan. 21, 1941 2,331,289 Amidon Oct. 12, 1943 2,396,525 Newman Mar. 12, 1946 2,476,153 Little et al July 12, 1949 2,531,718 Rice Nov. 28, 1950 2,557,482 Stolle et a1. June 19, 1951 2,690,661 Briggs Oct. 5, 1954 2,718,132 Herrnstadt Sept. 20, 1955 Adi/00W UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE M J M/ CERTIFICATION OF CORRECTION Patent No., 2,968,171 January 17, 1961 Rex S. MacCaffray Jr. I

It is hereby certifiedthat error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 3, line 20, for "'kitting" read knitting line 35, for "grining" read grinning column 6 line 13 for fulley" read fully column 8, line 73 after ="warp'Y insert yarn; column 10, line 2S for "found" read bound Signedand' sealed this 25th day of July 1961..

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER- I DAVID L. LADD Attesting Officer 4 Commissioner of Patents 

